{"id":8346,"date":"2026-10-13T05:08:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T05:08:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/blog\/?p=8346"},"modified":"2026-10-13T05:08:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T05:08:11","slug":"why-the-green-transition-needs-an-enterprise-risk-management-mindset-to-succeed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/blog\/why-the-green-transition-needs-an-enterprise-risk-management-mindset-to-succeed\/","title":{"rendered":"Why the Green Transition Needs an Enterprise Risk Management Mindset to Succeed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/certification-track\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5040\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/blog-image-300x74.png\" alt=\"Getting India Risk Ready\" width=\"668\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/blog-image-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/blog-image-768x191.png 768w, https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/blog-image.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A solar farm can be completed before the transmission line needed to carry its electricity. A coal plant can close before replacement employment reaches the surrounding community. A company can secure a low-carbon technology without securing the minerals, skills or affordable finance required to operate it at scale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each initiative may appear successful when viewed independently. Together, they may produce an unstable transition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the central challenge now facing governments and businesses. The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is often discussed as a technological journey from high-carbon assets to cleaner alternatives. In practice, it is a restructuring of energy systems, industrial supply chains, labour markets, public finances, consumer costs and regional economies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The question is no longer whether the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is necessary. It is whether organisations can sequence investments, distribute costs, manage dependencies and maintain resilience while the transition is under way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That requires an <\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/what-is-enterprise-risk-management-erm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>enterprise risk management<\/b><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mindset.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The Transition Is a System, Not a Collection of <\/b><b>Green Projects<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many transition plans are organised around individual initiatives: renewable-power procurement, fleet electrification, energy efficiency, green hydrogen, low-carbon materials or supplier decarbonisation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The risk is that each project is approved through its own business case while the dependencies between them remain untested.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An electric-vehicle fleet depends on charging infrastructure, grid capacity, battery availability, route suitability, maintenance capability and electricity tariffs. Industrial electrification depends on reliable power, transmission access and equipment delivery. Green hydrogen requires renewable electricity, water, electrolysers, storage, transport and committed buyers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When one component is delayed, the value of the others may be impaired.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is sequencing risk: the possibility that the right investments are made in the wrong order.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The International Energy Agency estimates that approximately $2.2 trillion was invested in clean-energy technologies and infrastructure in 2025; twice the amount directed towards fossil fuels. Yet annual grid investment remained around $400 billion, compared with approximately $1 trillion invested in generation. The imbalance means that power-production assets may expand faster than the systems needed to connect, balance and deliver their output. <sup>[1]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk-intelligent transition planning must therefore evaluate the system\u2019s weakest dependency, not merely the environmental merit of its most visible project.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Infrastructure bottlenecks can turn clean capacity into stranded capability<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renewable energy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> generation can be built comparatively quickly. Transmission lines, substations, permitting systems and market reforms often require much longer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IEA has previously identified at least 3,000 gigawatts of renewable projects waiting in grid-connection queues worldwide, including 1,500 gigawatts at advanced stages of development. This is several times the amount of wind and solar capacity added globally in a single year. <sup>[2]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The operational consequences extend beyond delayed decarbonisation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A congested grid may lead to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">renewable-power curtailment;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">delayed project revenues;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">higher balancing costs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increased dependence on fossil-fuel backup;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compensation disputes;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">weaker investor confidence;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduced reliability during periods of peak demand.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India illustrates the importance of integrated planning. The IEA reported that 83% of Indian power-sector investment went to clean energy in 2024 and that non-fossil sources had reached 44% of installed power-generation capacity. At the same time, inadequate transmission infrastructure had impeded approximately 60 gigawatts of renewable capacity. Distribution companies also carried substantial accumulated losses and more than $9 billion in unpaid dues as of March 2025. <sup>[3]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is not simply an energy-sector problem. It is a portfolio interaction among infrastructure, utility finances, project bankability, electricity affordability and national industrial ambitions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generation targets should therefore be accompanied by transmission readiness, storage availability, distribution-company solvency, and demand-management indicators.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Green Capital Can Still Become Stranded Capital<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A project may support decarbonisation and still fail financially.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Green infrastructure<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> remains exposed to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">interest-rate changes;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inflation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">construction delays;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">commodity-price volatility;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exchange-rate movements;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">technology underperformance;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">permitting delays;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contractual disputes;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uncertain demand;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">changing regulation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">financial risks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> become particularly material in capital-intensive projects with long construction periods and fixed-price revenue arrangements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In May 2025, renewable-energy developer \u00d8rsted discontinued the Hornsea 4 offshore-wind project in its existing form. The company cited higher supply-chain costs, increased interest rates and greater execution risk, and expected cancellation-related costs and impairments of up to approximately $838 million. <sup>[4]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lesson is not that offshore wind is unviable. It is that climate benefit does not immunise a project against changing financial assumptions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transition investments should be stress-tested for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">higher financing costs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">construction and component inflation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">delayed commissioning;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lower-than-expected utilisation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">weaker demand;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduced policy support;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">currency depreciation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">supplier failure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leaders should also understand which assumptions can change without destroying project value. A credible transition plan needs financial resilience, not merely an emissions trajectory.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The Cheapest Technology May Carry the Most Expensive Dependency<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The transition from fossil-fuel systems to electrified systems changes the structure of resource dependence. Oil and gas exposure may fall, while dependence on copper, lithium, nickel, graphite, rare earth elements and specialised processing technologies increases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IEA reported that the average share of the three largest refining countries across key energy minerals rose from approximately 82% in 2020 to 86% in 2024. China remained the dominant refined supplier for most minerals, while Indonesia held a leading position in nickel. <sup>[5]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even apparently adequate global supply can conceal severe <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">concentration risk<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IEA\u2019s 2025 analysis indicated that, if the largest producer and its demand were removed from the market, remaining supplies of graphite and rare earth elements would cover only about 35\u201340% of remaining projected demand in 2035. Copper and lithium also face potential longer-term supply gaps under announced-project pipelines. <sup>[5]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Export controls introduced since 2023 have demonstrated that such exposure is no longer theoretical. Restrictions covering gallium, germanium, antimony, tungsten and selected rare earth elements have affected technologies used across energy, electronics and advanced manufacturing. <sup>[5]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A transition supply-chain assessment should move beyond identifying the country where a final component is assembled. It should map:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mineral extraction;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">refining and chemical processing;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">component manufacturing;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">infrastructure risk<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">logistics routes;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intellectual property;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">production equipment;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recycling capacity;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">viable substitutes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk resilience<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may require multiple suppliers, strategic inventories, recycling, long-term offtake arrangements and technology designs that reduce <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">supply chain risks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and exposure to constrained materials.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>A Net Gain in Jobs Can Still Leave Communities Behind<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is expected to create significant employment. It will not create all jobs in the same place, at the same time, for the same people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A World Economic Forum (WEF) report estimates that the transition could affect 14.4 million jobs globally by 2030, with approximately 12 million roles created and 2.4 million phased out; a net gain of 9.6 million. One-third of surveyed businesses nevertheless expressed concern about job displacement in at least one major industry in their country. <sup>[6]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The coexistence of job creation and worker insecurity is not contradictory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A coal-plant technician may not live near a solar-manufacturing cluster. An automotive worker experienced in internal-combustion engines may need different qualifications for battery systems. A new job may offer lower wages, weaker employment security or require relocation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IRENA and the International Labour Organization estimate that renewable-energy employment reached at least 16.6 million jobs globally. Their analysis also notes that employment growth has been moderated by automation, economies of scale, manufacturing overcapacity and grid bottlenecks. Women and people with disabilities continue to face barriers to participation and progression. <sup>[7]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Workforce risk must therefore be assessed at occupational, regional and demographic levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A credible transition plan should identify:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">roles likely to decline;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">skills that can be transferred;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">training lead times;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">local replacement-job availability;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wage and benefit differences;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contractor and supply-chain impacts;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">communities economically dependent on existing assets.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retraining should begin before closure decisions become irreversible. Social dialogue, income support, redeployment pathways and regional economic development are operational controls; not peripheral corporate-responsibility initiatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Affordability Is Not a Communications Problem: When transition costs reach households, climate ambition can lose its social licence<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A technically sound climate policy may become politically and commercially unstable when its costs are experienced as unfair.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WEF found that 51% of executives were concerned that price increases in key industries could be passed to consumers. Sixty-six per cent anticipated consequences for the accessibility of goods and services. Concerns were lower where social-protection systems and access to essential services were stronger. <sup>[6]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Affordability risk may arise through:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">electricity and heating costs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transport prices;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">housing-retrofit requirements;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">food and agricultural inputs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vehicle-replacement costs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carbon-pricing mechanisms;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">higher prices for low-carbon materials.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average cost reductions do not guarantee equitable outcomes. A household may save money over the lifetime of an electric vehicle but remain unable to afford the upfront purchase. A building retrofit may reduce energy demand but increase rent. A carbon price may improve environmental incentives while disproportionately affecting low-income consumers unless revenues or support mechanisms are designed appropriately.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organisations should therefore analyse who pays, when they pay and whether they have practical alternatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public acceptance is not merely a matter of explaining the transition more effectively. It depends on whether people experience the distribution of costs and benefits as credible and fair.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The Finance Exists\u2014but Not Where the Risk Is Highest<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global clean-energy investment is growing, but its geographic distribution remains uneven.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IEA reported that emerging and developing economies outside China received approximately 18% of clean-energy investment in 2025, despite representing nearly two-thirds of the world\u2019s population and much of its future energy-demand growth. <sup>[8]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WEF survey found that 49% of executives in low-income economies regarded limited <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green finance<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a material barrier, compared with 23% in high-income economies. Eighty per cent of respondents identified unequal access to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green finance<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a significant competitiveness risk in at least one industry. <sup>[6]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The problem is not simply a shortage of global capital. It is the risk-adjusted cost of directing capital to markets affected by currency volatility, weaker utilities, uncertain regulation, limited project pipelines and sovereign risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has achieved a comparatively low cost of capital for grid-scale renewables among emerging economies, but the IEA estimates that it remains around 80% higher than in advanced economies. <sup>[3]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk reduction<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can therefore be as important as additional subsidy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relevant instruments include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">credit guarantees;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">currency-risk facilities;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">blended finance;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">standardised contracts;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aggregation of smaller projects;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stronger payment security;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transparent permitting;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">development-finance participation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reliable project pipelines.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The transition cannot scale globally if viable clean technologies remain unbankable where energy demand is growing fastest.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Decarbonisation Can Transfer <\/b><b>Environmental Risk<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is intended to reduce <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">climate risk<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Poorly governed implementation may create <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ESG risks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and transfer pressure to water systems, biodiversity, land, workers, and communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Critical-mineral extraction can involve water stress, tailings, habitat disruption, occupational hazards, corruption and human-rights concerns. The IEA identified water, emissions, biodiversity, human rights, communities and corruption as priority risk areas for responsible mineral supply chains. It also reported that floods or droughts placed approximately 7% of global copper supply at risk of disruption in 2024. <sup>[9]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This creates both ethical and <\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/enterprise-risk-management-definition-history-taxonomy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>operational risks<\/b><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Community opposition, permitting challenges, litigation, labour action or environmental damage can delay the same mineral projects needed for energy security.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies should therefore examine whether a climate solution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increases water demand;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">affects sensitive ecosystems;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">creates waste or end-of-life liabilities;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">displaces communities or livelihoods;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">relies on unsafe labour;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transfers emissions or impacts into the supply chain;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">depends on environmental claims that cannot be verified.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A transition plan focused only on <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carbonisation risk<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may reduce one risk while intensifying several others.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>No Single Transition Path Fits Every Economy<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WEF report groups countries into six transition archetypes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inclusive green adopters;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green developers;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">emerging green adopters;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">growth economies;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fossil-fuel exporters;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">frontier economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The categories recognise that countries differ in industrial structure, fiscal capacity, energy access, skills, social protection and exposure to fossil-fuel revenues. India is classified among growth economies\u2014rapidly industrialising countries balancing decarbonisation with energy affordability, expanding demand and development priorities. <sup>[10]<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This matters to multinational companies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A transition strategy designed for a high-income service economy may not transfer effectively to a manufacturing-intensive emerging economy. The same procurement requirement or emissions deadline may affect suppliers differently depending on access to capital, renewable electricity, technology and skilled labour.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global standards may be necessary for direction and accountability. Execution plans must remain sensitive to local constraints.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Building a <\/b><b>Green Transition<\/b><b> Control Tower: Seven disciplines for governing decarbonisation as enterprise transformation<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>1. Build an interconnected transition-risk taxonomy<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Move beyond separate climate, financial and operational registers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conduct <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">risk identification<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Map dependencies across energy, finance, technology, supply chains, people, communities, nature, regulation and customers. Identify where several projects depend on the same grid connection, supplier, mineral, policy or technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>2. Establish clear <\/b><b>transition risk appetite<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leaders should define tolerances for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">energy unreliability;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capital risk<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">supply concentration;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">affordability impacts;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">worker displacement;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">community disruption;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">environmental harm;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">unproven <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">technology risk<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">regulatory non-compliance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">risk appetite<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> makes trade-offs visible before pressure forces an improvised decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>3. Use multiple transition scenarios<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test the plan under higher interest rates, commodity shortages, delayed permits, weaker demand, policy changes, technology failure and extreme weather.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scenarios should examine both faster and slower transitions. Delayed action creates physical, regulatory and market exposure; poorly sequenced acceleration creates execution, affordability and reliability risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>4. Apply dependency-based stage gates<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not approve a major asset only because its individual business case is attractive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Require evidence that enabling infrastructure, skills, finance, permits, suppliers, customers and community arrangements will be available when needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>5. Integrate people into capital allocation<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every major transition investment should include a <\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/international-certificate-enterprise-risk-management-irmcert-level2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>risk assessment<\/b><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of workforce, consumers, suppliers and affected communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The analysis should influence project design and funding; not be added after investment approval.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>6. Monitor leading indicators<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Useful indicators include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grid-connection delays;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">renewable curtailment;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">project-cost escalation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost-of-capital changes;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">supplier concentration;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">critical-mineral exposure;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">workforce reskilling progress;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">household or customer affordability;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">community grievances;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">permitting timelines;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nature-related impacts;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">actual emissions reduction against the plan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These indicators reveal transition drift before it appears in annual emissions reporting.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>7. Independently assure both claims and controls<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assurance should test whether transition data is reliable, dependencies are being managed and social or environmental benefits are supported by evidence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A transition plan is credible when governance, capital allocation and operational decisions align with its stated objectives.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The <\/b><b>green transition<\/b><b> will succeed when resilience and decarbonisation advance together<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> offers significant opportunities: greater energy security, cleaner air, industrial innovation, new employment and more resilient infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its success is not guaranteed by the scale of investment or the ambition of targets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A transition can stall when grids lag behind generation, financing costs destroy project economics, critical-mineral supplies become concentrated, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">governance risks<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> go unchecked, workers cannot move into new roles or consumers bear costs they cannot absorb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk management does not weaken climate ambition. It protects that ambition from foreseeable failure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A transition which has <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">risk intelligence<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> embedded in every step, asks not only how quickly emissions can be reduced, but whether energy remains reliable, projects remain financeable, supply chains remain available, work remains dignified and communities retain confidence in the journey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will not succeed because every risk was avoided.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will succeed because uncertainty was anticipated, trade-offs were governed and progress was designed to endure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>The author confirms that this article is original and has not been copied, reproduced, or derived from another author&#8217;s work, except for appropriately cited third-party references used for research purposes.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>Citations:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1] Global clean-energy investment, generation and grid-investment trends [ International Energy Agency ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2] Electricity-grid bottlenecks and renewable connection queues [ International Energy Agency ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3] India\u2019s clean-energy investment, financing and transmission risks [ International Energy Agency ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4] Cancellation of the Hornsea 4 offshore-wind project following changes in costs, interest rates and execution risk [ Reuters ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5] Critical-mineral concentration, projected supply gaps and export-control exposure [ International Energy Agency ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6] World Economic Forum report on aligning the green transition with socioeconomic outcomes and corporate competitiveness [ World Economic Forum ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[7] Renewable-energy employment and inclusive workforce-development requirements [ International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ] [ International Labour Organization ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[8] Unequal distribution of clean-energy investment across emerging and developing economies [ International Energy Agency ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[9] Environmental, social and governance risks in critical-mineral supply chains [ International Energy Agency ]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[10] World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey findings and six country-transition archetypes [ World Economic Forum ]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>1.What is green <\/b><b>transition risk<\/b><b>?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The green transition is often discussed as a technological journey from high-carbon assets to cleaner alternatives. In practice, it is a restructuring of energy systems, industrial supply chains, labour markets, public finances, consumer costs and regional economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The green transition risk is that each project is approved through its own business case while the dependencies between them remain untested.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An electric-vehicle fleet depends on charging infrastructure, grid capacity, battery availability, route suitability, maintenance capability and electricity tariffs. Industrial electrification depends on reliable power, transmission access and equipment delivery. Green hydrogen requires renewable electricity, water, electrolysers, storage, transport and committed buyers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When one component is delayed, the value of the others may be impaired.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>2. Why does the <\/b><b>green transition<\/b><b> need enterprise risk management?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is often discussed as a technological journey from high-carbon assets to cleaner alternatives. In practice, it is a restructuring of energy systems, industrial supply chains, labour markets, public finances, consumer costs and regional economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The question is no longer whether the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">green transition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is necessary. It is whether organisations can sequence investments, distribute costs, manage dependencies and maintain resilience while the transition is under way.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That requires an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">enterprise risk management<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mindset.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is an integrated and joined up approach to managing all areas of risks across an organisation and its extended networks.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The enterprise risk management framework involves:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identifying Risks<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analysing Risks<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assessing Risks<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treating Risks<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring And Reviewing<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The green transition will not succeed because every risk was avoided. It will succeed because uncertainty was anticipated, trade-offs were governed and progress was designed to endure. Enterprise risk management complements this approach and enables organisations to pursue the green transition with confidence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>3. <\/strong><\/span><b>How can businesses build <\/b><b>risk resilience<\/b><b> during the energy transition?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Control measures are an effective way to minimise risks and ensure the success of a green transition plan. Businesses can build risk resilience during the energy transition by implementing the following controls:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>An interconnected transition-risk taxonomy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Dependencies across various operations must be mapped.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>A clear transition risk appetite<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Leaders should define tolerances for energy unreliability, capital-at-risk, supply concentration, affordability impacts, worker displacement, community disruption, environmental harm, unproven technology, and regulatory non-compliance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Testing multiple transition scenarios<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The plan should be tested under higher interest rates, commodity shortages, delayed permits, weaker demand, policy changes, technology failure and extreme weather.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dependency-based stage gates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Evidence must be provided to confirm that enabling-infrastructure, skills, finance, permits, suppliers, customers and community arrangements will be available when needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Integration of people into capital allocation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Every major transition investment should include an assessment of workforce, consumers, suppliers and affected communities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Monitoring leading indicators<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Useful indicators include &#8211; grid-connection delays; renewable curtailment; project-cost escalation; cost-of-capital changes; supplier concentration; critical-mineral exposure; workforce reskilling progress; household or customer affordability; community grievances; permitting timelines; nature-related impacts; actual emissions reduction against plan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Independent assurance of both claims and controls<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Assurance should test whether transition data is reliable, dependencies are being managed and social or environmental benefits are supported by evidence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction A solar farm can be completed before the transmission line needed to carry its electricity. A coal plant can close before replacement employment reaches the surrounding community. A company can secure a low-carbon technology without securing the minerals, skills or affordable finance required to operate it at scale. Each initiative may appear successful when viewed independently. Together, they may produce an unstable transition. This is the central challenge now facing governments and businesses. The green transition is often discussed as a technological journey from high-carbon assets to cleaner alternatives. In practice, it is a restructuring of energy systems, industrial [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[46,260,362,363,193],"class_list":["post-8346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-risk-360","tag-enterprise-risk-management","tag-environmental-risk","tag-green-transition","tag-renewable-energy","tag-risk-assessment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Building Resilience into the Green Transition Through ERM - IRM India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how enterprise risk management can help organisations manage dependencies across finance, infrastructure, supply chains, workforce and climate, supporting a successful green transition.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theirmindia.org\/blog\/why-the-green-transition-needs-an-enterprise-risk-management-mindset-to-succeed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Building Resilience into the Green Transition Through ERM - 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